Concepts
The rules and the reasons behind them. 67 articles.
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- AI connectorsHow an AI assistant such as Claude or ChatGPT connects to NirmaanOne, acts as one user within that user's role, what it can and cannot do, and how connections are watched and stopped.
- Allottee purchasesHow an allottee buys the units their offer allots: one purchase per allotted unit, priced only on the area beyond their entitlement, through the same estimate, payment plan, approval and booking chain as any buyer, with the unit staying Allotted throughout.
- Allottees: society members, landowners and PAP tenantsThe people who receive new units through an offer on a redevelopment: society members (under the society, with an existing flat and consent), landowners and PAP tenants (under the project); each is a contact with co-owners, one live offer per project, documents, bank accounts and parking.
- Audit trail and record historyWhat an audit entry records (who changed what, when, from where, with before and after values), how entries group into a record's history and a project's history, and who may read them.
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- Bank accounts, purposes and bank ledgersOne register of every bank account you pay from or into: who owns an account, what its purpose tag means, why the collection, RERA separate, operative and GST purposes belong to the promoter, what the primary account and the IFSC are for, and how a bank ledger is created in the books.
- Benefit plans and benefit accrualA benefit plan is a project's ready-made list of what the developer pays an allottee (corpus, transit rent, shifting), applied to a draft offer in one go; benefit accrual is how a Member Benefits payout run books each due installment as an expense and a bill on the member's ledger before paying it.
- Booking cancellation, forfeiture and refundCancelling a booking reverses its demands with credit notes, posts the forfeiture and any charges against the buyer's ledger by the rule in force, creates the refund as a pending payout for the credit that is left, and frees the unit and parking; with nothing billed or received it only frees them.
- Booking: agreed total, applicants and sharesA booking is the closed deal on one unit for one opportunity, made from the current Approved estimate: it fixes the agreed total, numbers itself by financial year, books the unit and parking, and names the primary applicant and the co-applicants with their ownership shares.
- Books, the active books switcher and cost centresA set of books is the ledger of one promoter company: every posting for a project lands in its promoter's books, every accounting screen works on the one set chosen in the Books switcher, and cost centres inside the books (usually one per project with a child per tower) let the ledger and reports be cut by project.
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- Campaign audiences, recipient lists and unsubscribesA campaign's audience is a saved filter over contacts or leads; the recipient list is the snapshot built from it, one row per contact, skipping those without a valid email or on the organization's unsubscribe list, which the link in every mail adds to.
- Channel partner commissionsBrokerage owed to the channel partner who sourced a booking: accrued from the booking with a basis percent or a gross amount, GST and TDS under 194H, approved to post the accrual journal, and paid out singly or through a Commissions payout run.
- Charge components and their kindsThe catalogue of money lines the business uses (unit price, floor rise, PLC, legal charges, corpus, transit rent, commission …), the six kinds that decide where a component may appear, the fixed code each carries, and how charge groups and per-line GST turn them into a price.
- Charge groups and per-line GSTA charge group is a section of the cost sheet with a default GST rate; every charge line carries its own GST, worked out from the estimate override, the plan line, the component or the group, in that order.
- Component mappings: which ledgers a charge posts toA component mapping tells one set of books where a charge component posts: a main ledger, an optional second tax ledger, an optional cost centre and, for sale and tenant charges, the revenue treatment; demands, commissions, benefit accruals, payouts and cancellations all read it, and an unmapped component stops the posting.
- Construction stages and share bucketsA project's construction stages (plinth, slabs, possession) each carry a share of a 100% bucket, one bucket for the project-wide stages and one per tower; completing a stage dates the installments waiting on it and moves the revenue progress.
- Contacts, companies and company typesA contact is a person; a company is a legal entity with people attached. The company type decides which registrations the form asks for (promoter, channel partner, vendor, contractor), and a channel partner's default commission feeds the commissions on the bookings it brings.
- Contract acquisition costs (capitalised brokerage)Under a revenue policy that capitalises the costs of obtaining a contract, an approved channel-partner commission is parked in Contract Acquisition Costs instead of brokerage expense and released to expense by each revenue run in step with the booking's revenue; possession expected within the practical-expedient months expenses it at once.
- Contract liability, contract asset and the transaction priceA booking's transaction price is the sum of its charges treated "With the unit"; while revenue is deferred, demands for those charges are credited to a contract liability (billed ahead of revenue), a revenue run debits it as revenue is recognised, and revenue recognised ahead of billing sits in the contract asset.
- Cost of sales, cost budgets and inventory transferEach revenue run moves the period's construction, rehab and borrowing cost from the expense ledgers into work-in-progress and land inventory, then charges every booking a share of the project's cost (its budget, else the cost inventoried so far) in step with its revenue progress, so revenue and its cost land in the same period.
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- Dashboard figures: absorption, funnel and operational moneyHow the dashboard's tiles and cards are worked out: absorption of saleable stock, the sales funnel by stage reached, money read from demands and receipts rather than the ledger, the RERA accounts card, and the period with its comparison window.
- Demands, demand runs and the GST splitA demand is the bill raised on a buyer's installments (or a member's offer charges): numbered by financial year, billing the full total with the buyer's expected 194-IA TDS shown apart, posted as a sales voucher with GST split as CGST + SGST or IGST by place of supply; a demand run raises one demand per buyer for everything due by a date.
- Document templates, published versions and letterheadsA document template is an HTML letter with merge fields written for one record type; publishing it freezes a numbered version that generation uses while the draft stays editable, and a letterhead (the template's own, else the project's, else the organization's default) supplies the logo, header, footer and page layout around it.
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- Effective-dated rulesRules that change over time (the RERA escrow share, TDS on sales, booking cancellation forfeiture, the revenue policy and cost budgets) are kept as dated rows; the row in force on a date is the latest one starting on or before it, so old documents keep the figures they were made with.
- Entitlement: existing carpet, entitled area, uplift, extra area and the splitThe area figures on an allottee's offer: the carpet they hold today, the area they are entitled to (typed, or filled from the project's uplift guidance or the allotted units), the extra area the allotted units give beyond it, and how the entitlement is split across the units to fix what each one charges for.
- Estimate validity and the unit holdA sent estimate holds its unit (and the parking slots it picked) for that buyer until its Valid until date; the hold starts on sending, can be extended with a reason, and an hourly job expires the estimate and frees the unit the day after the date passes.
- Estimate versions, price lock, overrides and the approval gateEvery priced offer to a buyer is a numbered version of the opportunity: a Draft is edited in place, any later price change is a new version that supersedes the current one, the price is locked when finalized, and every estimate must be approved before it can be booked.
- Excel sheets: check first, then applyUnits, parking slots, construction stages, unit pricing, benefit plans, society members and allottees can be exported to and imported from Excel; every sheet is checked row by row first, and nothing is written while any row fails.
- Expected possession date and charges at possessionThe project's expected possession date is when the charge groups a pricing plan collects "at time of possession" fall due: one undivided row per charge, owed from booking, outside the buyer's payment plan, re-dated on every open booking when the date changes.
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- Manual appropriation of receiptsA receipt settles a demand as a whole; which charges the money was for is decided by you, on the demand, in any split up to each line's billed amount and up to what was received, and that split is what marks the payment schedule's rows paid.
- Member offer (term sheet): benefits and charges, never nettedThe one live offer an allottee has on a project: the area they hold and are entitled to, the new units allotted, and the money on both sides, benefits the developer pays and charges the member pays, each with its own schedule and never set off against the other.
- Merge fields and filtersMerge fields are the double-brace placeholders in document and message templates ({{ entity.demand_no }}, {{ contact.name }}) that are replaced with the record's values when a document or message is rendered; filters such as inr, words and date format the value, and Repeat row / Show when add tables and conditional blocks.
- Message templatesThe reusable wording of the emails that workflow rules, record-page buttons and campaigns send: a code, a channel, a subject and body with merge fields, an optional rich HTML body and up to five generated-document attachments, rendered against the record that triggered it.
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- Parking areas and parking slotsA parking area (basement, podium, stilt) holds numbered parking slots that are inventory like units: held by a sent estimate, booked with the unit, or allocated to an allottee from the project.
- Party ledgers, bill-wise tracking and ageingA party ledger is the bill-wise ledger a set of books keeps for one buyer, society member, channel partner or vendor, created on first use with a generated code; every posting on it is allocated as New Ref (opens a bill), Against Ref (settles one), Advance or On Account, so the books know what each bill still owes and how overdue it is.
- Payment plans: lumpsum, cadence, custom and construction-linkedA payment plan says how the buyer's total is collected: all at once, in equal installments on a cadence, on agreed dates, or as construction stages are achieved; it lives on the estimate as numbered versions, is finalized with the price for approval, and becomes the booking's schedule.
- Payout runs: member benefits, commissions and refundsA payout run pays everything due from one set of books in one batch: the transit rent, corpus and shifting rows of live member offers (accrued first, one payout per member), approved channel-partner commissions (one per partner) or the refunds of cancelled bookings; it is drafted, approved, exported as a bank file and cleared with the bank's UTRs.
- Possession: offer, handover, conveyance and the occupation certificatePossession of a booked unit is recorded as three dates on the booking (possession offered, handed over, conveyance registered); the occupation certificate on the tower or project is what allows the offer, the handover marks the unit Sold, and the books' revenue policy names which of these dates is the moment sale revenue is recognised.
- Pricing bases: Per Sqft, Per Floor, Fixed, Percent Of BaseEach charge line on a pricing plan is worked out on one of four bases: a rate per square foot of the chargeable area, a rate per floor above a starting floor, a fixed amount, or a percentage of the lines priced before it.
- Project readiness and the RERA gateA project is ready to sell and collect once it has a promoter entity with books, the collection, RERA separate and operative bank accounts with their ledgers, and, when the organization requires it, a RERA registration whose validity covers today; bookings and allottee purchases wait for all of it, estimates only for RERA.
- Project type and property typeThe project type (New Development or Redevelopment) decides whether the project has a society, members and offers; the property type (Residential, Commercial or Mixed) decides which unit types its towers, configurations and pricing plans may use.
- Promoter entityThe company developing a project; every project must name one, and its books and bank accounts are where the project's demands, receipts and payouts are posted.
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- Receipts and payouts: allocation, clearing and the UTRA receipt is recorded as Pending and settles the payer's open demands by itself, oldest due first; a payout is allocated to commissions or member rows by hand. Both post their voucher only when cleared and can be bounced afterwards; the UTR is the bank's transfer reference, typed on NEFT-style payments and per payout when a payout run is cleared.
- Rehab units as non-cash considerationIn a redevelopment the flats handed to society members are the price paid for the development rights; with the policy toggle on, the fair value of those rights is booked as land against a contract liability on the agreement date, and each member's offer earns its entitled-area share of that value as revenue when its allotted units are handed over.
- RERA accounts and the daily sweepEvery buyer payment enters the project's collection account; the bank sweeps it daily, the escrow share (70% under RERA 2016, or the project's own share) to the RERA separate account and the rest to the operative account. NirmaanOne mirrors the sweep as a Contra voucher per receipt the moment it clears, records certified withdrawals from the separate account, warns on receipts banked elsewhere and reports where the money stands; it never moves the money itself.
- RERA registration, its validity and extensionsA project's RERA registration is a history of certificates and extension orders, each with the state authority that issued it and the dates it is valid for; the one in force today decides whether the project may sell, and an expiry is a new row, never an edit.
- Revenue recognition: policy, point in time vs over time, and revenue runsEach set of books carries an effective-dated revenue policy (framework, method, possession trigger, cost and brokerage treatments, judgement areas) chosen by the CA; a revenue run is the period close that computes every booking's and member offer's progress under it, recognises the catch-up revenue, cost of sales and brokerage, and posts the journals.
- Roles and permissionsWhat a permission is (a module plus an action), how roles bundle permissions, the twelve default roles and what each is meant for, the one-role-per-user rule, and when a change reaches a signed-in user.
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- Significant financing componentAn Ind AS 115 judgement: when buyers pay well ahead of possession the developer is effectively borrowing from them, so each revenue run accrues notional interest on every cleared receipt at the policy's rate, books it as interest expense against the contract liability, and adds it to the unit's price so it is recognised as revenue with the unit.
- System rules and starter templatesThe 53 automation rules, six email templates and six draft document templates every organization starts with: which ship switched on, why the customer-facing ones ship off, what is locked, and how to switch, clone or customise them.
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- TDS under section 194-IAWhen a flat's consideration reaches the threshold, the buyer withholds 1% of every installment and deposits it with the Income Tax department instead of paying it to the developer; NirmaanOne bills the buyer the full total, shows the expected TDS and what is payable in money, and books the withheld tax only when the buyer's deposit (Form 16B / 26QB) is recorded as a TDS credit.
- The chart of accounts: templates, books copies, nature and system rowsThe organization keeps one master chart (group templates, ledger templates and default mappings) and every set of books holds its own copy of it; each group carries a nature (asset, liability, equity, income, expense) and a Direct flag that feeds gross profit, a few system rows are locked, codes are never reused, and the Consolidated report adds the books up by the template each ledger came from.
- Triggers and event typesThe five ways a workflow rule starts (On Create, On Update, On Event, Scheduled, Manual), the catalogue of system event types the app raises, the daily due-date events for instalments and overdue demands, how recurrences are counted, and custom event types that chain rules.
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- Unit areas and the chargeable areas: Carpet area (Mofa), RERA Carpet Area, Super Built-up AreaEvery unit carries up to three areas; two settings say which one money is worked out on: the chargeable area for buyers (what a Per Sqft price multiplies on a buyer's estimate) and the chargeable area for members and tenants (what a member's offer and an allottee's purchase are measured in).
- Unit designation: Saleable, PAP, CommonWhat a unit is for, separate from its status: Saleable stock, a PAP unit kept for Project Affected Persons, or a Common unit housing an amenity; the designation decides who can be allotted or sold the unit and whether it shares the project's cost.
- Unit numbering patternsWhen the Structure generator creates units in bulk, a pattern such as {floor}{seq:02d} builds every unit number from the floor, the unit's position on the floor and the tower name; a similar pattern names the floors.
- Unit status lifecycle: available, reserved, allotted, held, booked, soldWhere a unit stands right now, from Available through the rehab path (Reserved For Tenant, Allotted) or the sales path (Reserved For Buyer, Booked, Sold), who moves it and what each status blocks.
- Unit types and unit configurations (typologies)A unit type says what kind of unit it is (Apartment, Office, Shop, Showroom) and which property types it suits; a unit configuration is the typology (2 BHK, Penthouse, Office) made of a name, a unit type and a bedroom count, with the areas kept on each unit.
- User accounts: invitations, status and sign-inHow a person gets an account (by invitation), the four user statuses and how they are derived, how long an invitation link lives, what happens at sign-in with and without two-factor authentication, how long a session lasts, and what deactivation does.
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- Workflow rules, conditions, actions and the rule ownerWhat a workflow rule is made of (one kind of record, one trigger, conditions, ordered actions, an optional chained event), how conditions and action settings are evaluated, how versions, tests and clones work, and why every rule has an owner whose permissions its runs use.
- Workflow runs and the outboxHow a change becomes automation: the outbox event written with the change, the pick-up that hands it to the engine, one run per listening rule with a recorded result per action, the statuses each passes through, and how Errored runs are retried and Failed events requeued.